How The Renaissance Changed Over The Time - 1287 Words

The renaissance to me is a very interesting topic and a very important era. A lot changed during this time period that caught my attention. My research will be on the renaissance and on 1 artists from that time period. I will begin by discussing how the renaissance changed over the time and how art was involved. In addition, I will be discussing about 1 artist and there history, following by the materials and techniques he use. The renaissance is also known as the new birth of resurrection. During the 200 years between 1400 and 1600, Europe had some great reveals of drawings, fine art paintings and architecture mostly in Italy. During this era there were lots of discoveries. There was a desire to explore the features of nature and the†¦show more content†¦Around the age of 14, da Vinci began a lengthy apprenticeship with an artist named Andrea Del Verrocchio in Florence. Where he then learned a variety of skills like metal working, leather arts, carpentry, drawing, painting and sculpting. His earliest known work is a pen and ink drawing of a landscape in the Amo valley. He later started his own work shop. Using his inventive skills, da Vinci sketched war machines such a war chariot with blades mounted on the sides, and armored tank propelled by two men cranking a shaft and even an enormous crossbow that required a small army of men to operate. He believed studying science made him a better artist. Leonardo thought the ability to see was mankind’s most important sense and most important organ. Da Vinci began to seriously study anatomy and dissect human and animal bodies. He’s drawings of fetus in utero, the heart and vascular system, sex organs and other bone and muscular structures are some of the first human records. In addition, to his investigation da Vinci studied botany, geology, zoology, hydraulics, aeronautics and physics. He also sketched His observations on loose sheets of papers and pads that he tucked inside his belt. He placed the papers in his personal notebook and arranged them with four themes, painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. His filled dozens of notebooks with drawn

Duties Of Care Police Officers - 2270 Words

Sociolegal Literture To: Rachel Ariss By: Ebonie Arnold 100377354 Course name: Legal Research Methods- LGLS-29404-001 This paper discuss the duties of care police officers owe to citizens in their control (under arrest, in custody), and how these duties of care can best be fulfilled. I will be discussing the good and bad stories of police officers when it comes to them fulfilling their duties, police officers’ duties while on the job, and how they react when there is misconduct. This paper will also be expressing the different ways in which police officers could handle situations better or if it would be different if the person was someone else of a different ethnicity. By the end of this paper the reader would have an understanding on the duties police owe us, the good and bad ways police officers handle cases and a better approach that police officers can take in the future. This paper will prove this by using government documents and articles like the Police Services Act, Quicklaw, COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO cases. Race is a delicate subject to speak on but it can be posed as a factor of why police officers do not fulfil their duties to society accordingly. There has been a number of cases with black women and men who have been treated horribly in the care of police officers. These citizens have either been injured, or killed when in an officer’s custody. This act would automatically make certain citizens feel unsafe. Police officers are called Peace Officers toShow MoreRelatedDuty Of Care And Failure866 Words   |  4 Pages Duty of Care and Failure to Protect Doctrine and Vehicular Pursuits Cause Lability Issues Under federal civil rights statute and tort negligence, Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 242, government officials can be held liable for damages if the official violates a plaintiff’s constitutional rights under the law (Peak, 2012). 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Candy Shop Free Essays

Candy Shop Business Plan It would seem that if you’re starting a confectionary that writing a candy shop business plan should be all sugar, sweet, and fun as well. If you’re here, you’ve figured out that’s not exactly the case. That’s because writing a candy shop business plan can be as difficult as developing a coherent and effective strategy and plan for any other new start-up or existing operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Candy Shop or any similar topic only for you Order Now As you’ve probably figured out by now, it’s going to take more than a passion for chocolate to get your business off the ground. But if you’re still struggling to get started, here are a few things to think about that will help you develop your candy shop business plan: †¢ Why will your candy shop be unique? †¢ How will you generate a profit? Will you charge high prices? Keep costs low? Both? †¢ Are there any competing businesses in the area? If so, how will you draw customers from them? †¢ Why are you the right person to handle the operation? These questions can help you start to think about the things that will be critical to the success of your business. In addition, they are important to answer because investors or lenders will want to see that you’ve considered and sufficiently addressed these points in your business plan. If you’d like more information about the other elements that a banker, angel investor, or venture capitalist might want in your candy shop business plan, MasterPlans can help. We are the leaders in the business plan writing industry and have developed scores of successful business plans for our clients. How to cite Candy Shop, Papers

Short Story Analysis Essay Example For Students

Short Story Analysis Essay the names of those involved have been changed to protect the innocent March 1, 2001 5:39 p.m. Nerves, nerves, nerveshow can one letter enclosed inside of an envelope determine so much? Michael Livingston had plenty to lose. Try four years of undergraduate school at Morehouse University, two years of Notre Dame graduate school, and Harvard Law. Yes he had plenty to lose. Walking into the door of his closed-space apartment, he sits down with the letter in plain view. Thump, Thump, Thump! His heart races like greyhounds at a race track. The time is here. The time is now. Michael opens the letter to find his results of the BAR exam he had takenDear Mr. Livingston, It gives us great pleasure to inform you that you are in the ninetieth percentile upon completion of the Virginia State BAR Examination. Congratulations on your success. Experiencing a seventh heaven elation, Michael throws the life-saving letter up in the air, and yells to the top of his lungs. He sits down on the couch with a sudden thrust as if he were lightheaded. He picks up the letter agai n and reads it a few more times before disregarding it for the last time. As he catches his breath, the tight brown belt from his khaki trousers digs into his stomach making for an even more uncomfortable pose. Pulling his white Geoffrey Beane button-up shirt out of his trousers, Michael then gets up and walks into his room as if he were in a drunken stoop. The excitement he was experiencing tired him more than the 9 to 5 internship at the courthouse. While his heavy head sunk into the pillow, Mike hears a mysterious knock at his apartment door. Who in the hell? he says emphatically. Mumbling words that would turn his mother in her grave, Michael looks out the peep hole he normally uses to look a Cynthias ass.(Cynthia is the 24 year old film student that lives in front of Michael.) He then notices three gentlemen; all dressed in fine tailored suites with matching hats and coughing handkerchiefs. Michael shouts, Who is it and what do you want? Mr. Livingston, one gentleman replies. W e are representatives from Sampson, Heath, Jacks, and associates. May we have a word with you Sir? Michael tells the gentlemen to hold for a moment while he puts on a shirt. He comes back and opens the creaking door. Good evening fellows, what can I do for you? he asks. Well Mr. Livingston, we would like to discuss a matter that we feel would be very beneficial to you, one gentleman explains. We recruit young, smart men who are fresh out of law school, and we want you. Michael stares off into the distance as if he sees something on the wall. Weve been notified of your outstanding examination scores, and were willing to offer you a deal you cant refuse. Returning back to the world, Michael looks at the gentlemen with a stern, unyielding glare and says, Excuse me for asking, but how do you know about my scores being that I just received them today? We know all, one gentleman says boldly. We want to offer you a position in our firm with a set salary of $360,000.00 a year, along with fu ll benefits, and other perks. Well consider you a friend of the firm, he said jokingly. Youll be your own boss. You control how far you progress in the firm Michael. Give it some more thought; heres our card. Stop by the office so we can iron out the details. Michael, stiff and in awe, shakes the gentlemens hands, and sees them to the door. How about I meet with you all tomorrow at 10 a.m.? Michael says. The gentleman looks at him and with a sharp smirk, touches the brim of his hat and walks away with the other two. We will write a custom essay on Short Story Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 11:11 p.m. Dazed and hypnotized by the dripping faucet, Michael lies awake in his full-sized bed starring into nothing. Continuous contemplation happens beyond his control. He finds it extremely bizarre that three men who hes never seen before in his life would show up on his doorstep and offer him a job. There has to be a catch, he thought. Given his current financial situation, and his educational debt, $360.00.00 sounds very appealing. But, there has to be a catch Im gonna go check it out for the hell of it; and they way things are right now, I just may take it, he pondered. Tossing, Turning, Tossing, Turningthe bed offered him no comfort throughout the night as he lay restless on the cold, wet sheets. 3 a.m., 5:24 a.m., 8:46 a.m. The time crept by with each sleepless moment for Michael. He suddenly became conscious as the sun grazed his eyes and warmed his body. It was time for him to awaken to a new day; a new career perhaps; in what? He did not know. He got dressed as soon as he could, and ran out the door as only a rookie lawyer could. The card that he had received from the gentlemen gave precise directions to the building. It was a very new building; something that looked like a glass monument just for him. Just as Michael walked up to the door, an extremely hefty man met him almost simultaneously. Michael was nearly startled by the heavily built stature of the man, but he then realized that the man had to accompany him to the office. Admiring all of the paintings on the wall on the way to the office, Michael nearly collides with the hefty gentleman. Once he gets to the door, the hefty fellow leaves his presence and returns to his outside post. Here I am, he says to himself. He slowly pushes the door open, and to his surprise he finds .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .postImageUrl , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:hover , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:visited , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:active { border:0!important; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:active , .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6 .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u282f67d36a32ed2c7d3e8c013f4fe3c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adoption and identity formation Essay10:01 a.m. A room full of middle-aged white men sitting at a round table. All had on similar suits; mostly black and blue. Michael noticed the gentlemen that stopped by his apartment were in attendance also. Mr. Sampson, one of the founders of the firm, (who also looked like a watered-down version of Stanley Kubrick) stood up and asked Michael to have a seat. Mr. Livingston, you do know why youre here dont you? he asked. Michael silently nodded. A few of my colleagues met with you yesterday to discuss future employment here at S.H.J. A correct? Michael locked eyes on him and gave a simple yes. We trust that youve made a decision regar ding this, and we would like to hear it. Michael stood as if someone had trodden his legs and watered is palms. He cleared his throat and said, Gentlemen, I have reviewed your generous offer, and unfortunately I have decided to decline it. I feel a bit uneasy about doing a job that I have yet to gain information about. Mr. Jacks, another firm founder, looks at Michael with a vengeful, tactless vogue and says, Mr. Livingston, you dont have much of a choice! Michael knew at that point he had made the biggest mistake of his life. He looked at the blank faces on all of the lawyers and rapidly came to the conclusion that everyone of them was in on it. Mr. Sampson walked towards Michael and escorted him to a seat next to the round table. Now that you are employed here Mr. Livingston, its time for us to tell you about your first case, and who you will be defending. Ice water ran through Michaels veins as he looked at the men with a vacant face. I would like for you to direct your attention towards the screen, Sampson said. Here you see Anderson Heatha very good man who is not only a founder of this firm; hes also a victim of a system he so aptly tried to uphold. Now Michael, for your first case as a defense attorney, you will be defending Mr. Heath on charges of first degree murder. He is accused of murdering this woman 1:18 p.m. Michael looks to the screen and without hesitation, begins to cry. The infamous woman is none other than his mother Bernadette. A shrieking NO! escapes from his voice, and his body language follows closely behind. First, he turns to look at the door as if he wants to run, but it seems extremely distant to him. He turns back around to see Mr. Sampson while a million thoughts overrun his mind. Mr. Livingston, Sampson says. This is what you will do. You will accept this case in which you will be defending Mr. Heath. You will argue that he did not murder this woman, and furthermore, you will not reveal to the jury that this woman is indeed your mother. Have I made myself clear Mr. Livingston? Sampson says. Before Michael had the opportunity to stress any syllables, Mr. Sampson adds, If at any time you decide to go the other way on this case, cinderblocks will be placed on your feet, and you will die a slow agonizing death in the Chesapeake Bay once again, do you understand these terms that have been presented to you Mr. Livingston? Michael could hear his heart pounding in his chest. He answers yes in a pitiful, weary tone. He then gets up and makes his way to the door. Just before his hand embraces the door knob, Sampson says, Remember, youre being watcheddont lose. Michael exits the door, and soon after, the building in a heaping, crying mess. March 4, 2001 8:36 a.m. Ive been lying around for the past couple of days: not eating, not sleeping, not anything. My world has turned upside down, and I dont know what I am going to do. Those bastards murdered my mother, and now they have me painted into a corner with no way out- I cant deal with this. I drink this vodka with no remorse, not caring for anything or anyone. Maybe I should go to the policehell, they wont do anything. What do I do? I cant just sit here and do nothing. Michael, I tell myself. Put the vodka down. So I do. I must come up with a way to get those assholes for what they did. I look up to the sky and say Momma, they wont get away with thisI promise.- Michael LivingstonMichael gets himself out of bed, and wipes the dried tears from his face. He puts on his sweatshirt with the maroon H on the front, along with some old Nike sweatpants. After getting himself together emotionally, he jumps into his car and takes a ride to his mothers old house. Twenty minutes later, he arrives at the old house only to see windows boarded up and the old Pacer his mother used to drive. He sits in the car wanting to cry, but he realizes that this was something he had to do in order to make the firm pay for what they did. He walks up to the door with a stoned face and heavy heart. AS he enters the house, memories instantly begin to raid his mind. My old room, he thought. He stood in the door frame with the sun warming his back reminiscing over old timeshis mother cooking by the stove, he and his friends running in and out of the old, metal screen door, the jar full of lightning bugs he used to catch. Yes, it all came back to him. Clearing his mind, he begins to look around the house for anything suspicious or unordinary. He goes through all of his mothers old documents, prescriptions, and Sunday school notes nothing. As he begins to give up, he looks on the floor near a corner and notices a video tape that had no reason for being there. He goes over, picks it up, and places it inside of the old GE VCR. As soon as he presses the play button, all of the air leaves his body as if someone had gut-punched him. He watches the tape in complete astonishment. He quickly grabs the VCR system and tape, runs to his car, and rapidly peels off. 10:22 p.m. Michael knew the information on the tape would be exactly what he needed to put those murderers away for along time. He paced back and forth all night attempting to find a way to meet with Judge Emerson in her chambers without the firm knowing. Thinking, Thinking, Thinking Finally, he did it! He decided to call Judge Emerson at her residence to explain the situation in which he needed her help. Mr. Livingston, I will do everything I can to assure your safety at the trial tomorrow. However, I cannot help you knowingly, but off the record, if you are able to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that these men murdered your mother, they will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Thank you Judge, Michael replied before hanging up the phone. Preparing for the trial tomorrow, Michael stays up making sure everything is set and in order. He worked every angle for what he was trying to do. His plan is to defend Mr. Heath throughout the trial, and when it came time for the closing argument, he would show the jury the tape, and explain to them that Mr. Heath murdered his mother, and that the firm he was an accessory to the murder. I am ready. I need this. Be smart Michael, I tell myself. I work for the very people who took my mothers life; not by choice, not by choice. If I dont do this, I die so what do I have to lose? Mom, I hope youre proud of me. I will seek justice for you. I promise. Michael LivingstonMarch 5, 2001 Day of Trial- Michael wore his best suit for what would be a fascinating trial. Just before it was time to go into the courtroom, Michael sees Sampson standing in a corner along side two other men from the firm. Mr. Sampson had been looking at Michael for quite some time, and when he caught his eyes he said silently, Dont lose, and gave him the gunshot-to-the-head hand motion. Michael, unfazed and resilient, walks into the courtroom and takes a seat beside Mr. Heath. Heath looks at him, gives him a smirk and says, This will be easier than I thought. Michael looks at him and with the same smirk and says You have no idea. All rise for the Honorable Judge Emerson, the bailiff says. Michael stands up and soon after, begins his rebuttal. Michael seems to be putting up a good defense argument for Heath while Sampson looks on in approval. Everything sees to be going well for Mr. Heath, or thats what it appears to be. Now its time for the closing argument. Michael hurriedly gets up and takes his place next to the jury. .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .postImageUrl , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:hover , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:visited , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:active { border:0!important; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:active , .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950 .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a73d9f2bf48497df23da3b565f97950:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Billy Budd: Was Captain Vere Right? EssayGood evening everyone. I come to you today in a dilemma of character and of courage. You have been lied to today. Yes lied to. You have been deceived beyond words and I want to clear up this horrible misconception. I am guilty of defending a murderer, yes a murderer. This man, along with other members of S.H.J. A is guilty of killing the most important woman in my life, Bernadette Livingston. Ms. Livingston was my mother and these men selfishly decided to end her life because of her refusal to pay lawyer fees for a trial she never had a part in. The fees amounted over millions of dollars. I was blackmailed into taking the job and t he case. My life was threatened by the gentleman you see in the back, Mr. Sampson. The whole firm is corrupt, and it would be completely unjust if these men were to go free. Please. Do the right thing. Thank you. I also have a videotape I would like for the jury to examine. Michael LivingstonThe courtroom was completely shocked and appalled. Everyone turned and looked at the gentlemen who represented the firm before watching the tape. The bailiff played the videotape, and on it Mr. Heath verbally admitted killing Bernadette Livingston, and everyone from the firm was in the tape. The men were full of alcohol when the tape was shot so confessions came easily. That was all the jury needed before deliberations started. Michael felt he would win. He knew he would win. The jury came back out with the decision We the jury finds the defendant Anderson Heath guilty of the crime of murder. We the jury also finds Sampson, Heath, Jacks, and Associates guilty of conspiracy to murder. The judge sentenced Mr. Heath to life in prison, and the rest of the firm twenty-five years each. Michael, smiling and joyful, goes over to a handcuffed Sampson and says I didnt lose. He continued his career as a prominent lawyer in Washington D.C.

Untitled document Essays - Creative Works, Literature, Films

Muuseh Omar Sarah Jessop ENG4U1 January 14th, 2019 Night and Life of Pi essay Surviving is never easy particularly when you are in difficult situation. To give you a background knowledge about this book, Life of Pi is a Canadian fiction adventure which Yann Martel survives from a sinking ship and managing to get on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker and a few animals. Night is the story of Eliezer Wiesel living in a Nazi concentration camp alongside his father. Both Elie and Pi were put in scenarios where they had to focus mainly on survival. Pi engages in problem solving skills to survive to the end of his hauling journey whereas Elie becomes hardened and tough until he's ultimately rescued. First began when Elie was working in the camp for food, tiring long hours shifts for a loaf of bread. Meanwhile pi would fish for food to feed Richard Parker and himself. Pi kept on having good happening to him example would be that he would always have food to feed himself and Richard Parker which would increase their chances of survival. Meanwhile in night the more they went through difficult times it seemed that Elie would give up on survival. Elie witnessed murders and his father's health get worse as time goes on. Elie says "Our heads empty and heavy , our brains a whirlwind of decaying memories. Our minds numb with indifference here or elsewhere, what did it matter? Die today or tomorrow or later? The night was growing longer , never ending." (Elie pg 98). Eliezer has given up on life. Back then, Eliezer had strong faith he believed he would get through any difficulty. Pi was different he believed in 3 gods he prayed on numerous occasions, this shows how strong his belief is. Furthermore throughout the long nights and days during survival of Pi and Eliezer, what kept them alive is their mental strength. Pi and Elie ae both in their teens, they haven't fully developed. " I did not weep and it pained me that I could not weep, but I had no more tears. And in the death of my being in the recess of my weekend conscienle could i have searched it I might perhaps found it like free.( Elie pg 98). Elie demonstrates his mental toughness as a young teen facing life and death situation. He states that he could not show any emotions . Pi had the same case he could not show any fear or backing down because Richard Parker will smell the fear and turn him to dinner.." i survived 227 days, thats how long my trial lasted over seven months" before crashing in Mexico. Finally ,both characters show compassion when their life is holding on a string. I argue that if Elie had food and was almost dying I believe that he would spare the piece of bread to his dying father. When people are on the verge of dying they would do anything to survive. Normally when you have no source of food and in the middle of the sea . most people would keep the food to themselves and show no awe to an animal. Pi showed he cared and provided food for Richard Parker. " "That bungled goodbye hurts me to this day. I wish so much that i'd had one last look at him in the life boat, that I'd provoke him a little s that i'd be on his mind. I wish I had said to him then-yes, I know, to a tiger" Pi shows his appreciation towards the tiger . He found a new friend that he had to say goodbye to.

Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essays

Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essays Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essay Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essay Chlorinated phenols are well-known environmental pollutants which are widely distributed in natural Waterss and dirts because of their extended use in many industrial and agricultural procedures such as the industry of plastics, dyes, drugs, antiseptics, germicides, intermediates in chemical production and pesticides. In add-on, Chlorophenols ( CPs ) are besides generated during the chlorine intervention of imbibing H2O [ 29 ] and every bit good as by the debasement of phenoxy weedkillers. Because to their toxicity in aquatic life and hapless biotreatability, US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) have included chlorophenols in their lists of precedence pollutants and considered as of import environmental hazards. The European Community statute law has besides set maximal admissible phenols concentration of 0.5 ng/mL in tap H2O [ 7 ] . In Taiwan, serious pollutions of CPs in dirt and H2O have been reported due to assorted industrial and agricultural activi ties [ 1 ] . On this footing, the finding of this category of compounds in the environment is of great importance. Therefore, an accurate and sensitive method is required for the finding of CPs in environmental samples. Most of the analytical methods for finding of CPs are based on chromatographic techniques such as high public presentation liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) [ 8-10 ] , gas chromatography ( GC ) [ 11-13 ] and capillary cataphoresis [ 14,15 ] . In GC analysis, because of high mutual opposition of CPs compounds, they lend to wide, tailed extremums, and these effects led to high sensing bounds. To avoid this drawback, the CPs have to be derivatized with a suited derivatization reagent before injection into the GC. On the other manus, HPLC is a good option technique, in which isocratic or gradient elution can be used to divide the phenolic compounds and it has been widely used for the separation and finding of CPs [ 30-33 ] , and is frequently coupled with assorted sensors such as UV ( UV ) [ 31,34 ] , fluorescence [ 35 ] , and electrochemical [ 36 ] . However, because of the comparatively low concentrations of most CPs and the built-in complexness in environmental H2O samples, a preconcentr ation measure normally becomes necessary, prior to their analysis. Over the past decennaries, Liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE ) [ 13 ] and solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) [ 14 ] are the most widely used techniques for the preconcentration of CPs in environmental samples. Normally, both the techniques needs an appreciable sum of toxic dissolver for extraction or elution stairss, and the extracted dissolvers are required to vaporize to concentrate the sample and reconstitution for the subsequent HPLC analysis which are time-consuming, boring, and risky to the operators and consequence in menace to the environment. In the last decennary, there is an emerging tendency towards the miniaturisation of chemical analysis systems which consists of several distinguishable advantages such as rapid analysis, simplification and smaller sample volume. Furthermore, an environmentally friendly characteristic of the miniaturized analysis systems is that the ingestion of reagents is reduced. Solid-phase microextraction ( SPME ) technique has been developed as a simple, rapid, and less solvent ingestion procedure [ 9 ] typically applied to CP trying [ 10-12 ] . SPME is largely combined with GC-flame ionisation sensing ( FID ) or GC-mass spectroscopy ( MS ) for analysis ; nevertheless, derivatization is normally still required in this technique. When SPME is coupled to HPLC or CE, a solvent desorption measure is required to retrieve all sorbed analytes and to avoid transfer. Owing to these grounds, most current applications of SPME are limited to non-polar or average polar compounds [ 19 ] . Recently, a fast, simple, cheap and virtually solvent less sample readying method was developed for the preconcentration of the mark pollutants from H2O, this technique is known as single-drop microextraction ( SDME ) [ 20-24 ] . It is a miniaturisation of the traditional liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE ) technique, which is based on the extraction of analytes in a mirolitre bead of a H2O non-miscible dissolver is suspended in the acerate leaf of a microsyringe that can be straight immersed in the aqueous sample ( DI-SDME ) or in its headspace ( HS-SDME ) [ 33 ] . When the extraction finished, the microdrop is retracted back into the microsyringe and injected to the instrument such as gas chromatograph ( GC ) and high public presentation liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) for farther analysis. The research group of Lee farther developed this technique by presenting the constructs of inactive and dynamic microextraction combined with GC [ 11-13 ] . This technique is inexpensive and there i s minimum exposure to toxic organic dissolvers. SDME has been applied for the finding of organochlorine insect powders and organophosphorous insect powders [ 25-34 ] , etc. , . Although organic dissolvers have been normally used as extractants in SDME, a high instability of the bead and hapless preciseness degrees have been reported as a consequence of the organic extractant vaporization and low viscousness. Ionic liquids ( ILs ) emerged as an option to these conventional dissolvers as they present alone and valuable belongingss including low vapor force per unit area, high viscousness or good thermic stableness, moderate dissolvability of organic compounds every bit good as adjustable miscibility and mutual opposition [ 2-5 ] . These belongingss make these dissolvers absolutely suited for SDME since larger and more consistent pull outing volumes can be used [ 34 ] . The ionic liquid-based individual bead microextraction has been antecedently used for the finding of pollutants with HPLC [ 35-37 ] or GC finding [ 38,39 ] . The chief advantages of ILs when used for SDME are that they allow the application of longer trying times every bit good as the usage of larger bead volumes, therefore taking to the development of high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) protocols with increased sensitiveness. The pertinence of microwave energy for the extraction of pollutants from environmental samples has been investigated for the last 10 old ages and new analytical methodological analysiss have been developed ( ) . Microwaves straight couple with the analytes present in the sample matrix taking to an instantaneous localised superheating ( In order to shorten the sampling clip of HS-SPME, microwave warming was utilized for the rapid acceleration of vaporisation of analytes from the sample matrix to headspace and rapid analysis was achieved for polychlorinated biphenyls ( ) , organochlorinated pesticides ( ) , pyrethroids ( ) , chlorobenzenes ( ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( ) in H2O samples. Subsequently on, microwave warming was besides tried coupled with HS-LPME or HS-SDME for the possible betterments in the analysis of semi-volatile pollutants in Waterss [ ] , However, when microwave warming was applied to modify HS-LPME, it resulted in the important vaporization of the extr action dissolver, later impacting extraction duplicability. In order to get the better of the above disadvantage, low volatile ionic liquids were used in microwave assisted HS-SDME to roll up chlorobenzenes from aqueous samples prior to HPLC analysis ( ) . However, due to the declining public presentation of the column, both HPLC and GC are considered inappropriate methods to analyse the species in ionic liquids. In other manus, Yamini and Shamsipur introduced two H2O baths [ 8,9 ] to command the temperature of extractant and sample, severally. This optimized process was successfully applied to pull out and find analytes in H2O samples. But the low temperature of extractant was non truly realized because the ice bath was used to command the temperature of dissolver in the column of microsyringe but non at the tip of microsyringe acerate leaf. Besides the readying of the little extraction device is boring, particular tools are needed, and the duplicability of the device possibly non so good. Second, the solvent microdrop is unstable and easy to fall down from the acerate leaf, particularly when utilizing H2O mixable dissolvers as extractant. In order to increase the bead volume permitted for extraction, different alterations of the needle tip has been proposed, all of them based on increasing the contact country with the bead [ 21-23 ] . Ye et Al. [ 20 ] , was designed a little bell-mouthed extraction device with a 5mm Si gum elastic tubing or Teflon ( PTFE ) tubing, in which 20 _L 1-octantol was used as extractant without their dislodgment from the acerate leaf to preconcentrate weedkillers in H2O samples which showed improved extraction efficiency with high sensitiveness for HPLC analysis. Followed by, Xu et Al. was introduced a conic polypropene PCR tubing alternatively of the needle tip of a microsyringe in which more sum extractant could be suspended in the PCR tubing than microsyringe due to the larger interfacial tenseness. This method was successfully applied to find volatile CPs in existent aqueous samples. However, the extraction efficiency was improved through commanding the temperature of extractant merely by puting an ice bag around the PCR tubing. Besides this attack significantly complicates the experimental apparatus, particular tools are needed, and the duplicability of the device possibly non so good. Furthermore, extraction clip is longer and it should be used merely for extremely volatile analytes with low solvent-headspace distribution invariables due to the elevated temperatures tend to diminish the organic solvent-headspace distribution invariable, ensuing in lower sensitiveness of the finding. The loss of sensitiveness can be avoided if the pull outing dissolver is cooled while the sample is heated. In our old research plants, we demonstrated a fresh LPME method termed one-step microwave assisted controlled-temperature headspace liquid stage microextraction technique utilizing micro-liter sum of organic dissolver and which has been successfully applied for the analysis of chlorophenols and hexachlorocyclohexanes in environmental H2O samples utilizing GC-ECD ( ) . This new method utilizes an external-cooling system which controls the temperature of the heavy cloud of analyte-water vapour formed in the headspace LPME trying zone. It besides prevents the vaporisation of the LPME extraction dissolver. Meanwhile, it earned many virtues such as celerity, simpleness, easy to run, low cost, etc. and is a valuable and environmental friendly method. However, some disadvantages of LPME utilizing hollow fibre membranes, such as ( 1 ) being of a membrane barrier between the beginning ( sample ) stage and receiving ( acceptor ) stage cut down extraction rate and increase extraction clip ; ( 2 ) in two stages LPME extra sum of dissolver is needed for elution of analytes from lms and pores of fibre. Besides this procedure is a clip devouring measure ; ( 3 ) creative activity of air bubbles on the surface of the hollow fibre reduces the conveyance rate and decreases the duplicability of the extraction ; ( 4 ) in existent samples such as piss, effluent, etc. surface assimilation of hydrophobic substances on the fiber surface may barricade the pores. However, to our cognition, there is no study refering with the combination of one-step microwave warming coupled with temperature controlled bell-shape HS-SDME utilizing organic-aqueous mixture extractant for the extraction of chlorophenols analysis utilizing the SDME method. In continuance of our research work, we report here for the first clip the development and pertinence of the unmoved microwave-assisted temperature-controlled headspace single-drop micro-extraction ( MA-TC-HS-SDME ) for the rapid and efficient preconcentration of chlorphenols in complicated environmental aqueous samples towards effectual HPLC-UV finding. The present method reduces the extraction clip and the bounds of sensing values obtained are equal for hint analysis of chlorophenols in environmental H2O samples. The consequence of assorted experimental conditions on the extraction of chlorophenols are investigated and discussed in item. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reagents and Solutions 2-Chlorophenol ( 2-CP ) , 2,4-Dichlorophenol ( DCP ) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol ( TCP ) were purchased from Aldrich ( Milwaukee, WI, USA ) and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol ( 2,3,4,6-TeCP ) was obtained from Lancaster Synthesis ( Ward Hill, MA, USA ) . HPLC-grade methyl alcohol, propanone and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck Chemicals ( Darmstadt, Germany ) . Sodium chloride and Na hydrated oxide were obtained from Merck Chemicals. Hydrochloric acid ( 36.4 % ) was from J.T. Baker ( Phillipsburg, USA ) .All chemicals used in the survey were of ACS reagent class. Ultrapure H2O for all aqueous solutions was produced in the research lab utilizing the Barnstead Nanopure H2O system ( Barnstead, New York, USA ) . Stock solutions ( 1 mg/mL of each analyte ) were prepared by fade outing chlorophenols in methonal and stored in brown glass bottles with PTFE-lined cap and kept 4 -C. Working solutions were obtained daily by suitably thining the stock solutions with H2O. Groundwater samples were collected from a deep well in west suburb of Beijing, river H2O samples from the Haihe River in Tianjin, China, effluent at a sewerage outfall of a effluent intervention mill in Beijing and tap H2O samples from our research lab after fluxing for about 5 min. These samples were all stored at the temperature of 4-C. 2.2. Instrumentality The extraction and injection were carried out utilizing a 25 _L HPLC microsyringe ( Shanghai, China ) . A S23-2 digital magnetic scaremonger ( Shanghai Sile Instrument Co. , China ) and a 5mm stirring saloon were used to stir the solution. HPLC analysis was carried out on a LC-10AT liquid chromatography ( Shimadzu, Japan ) with two LC-10ATvp pumps and a SPD-10Avp UV/vis sensor. Chromatographic separations were performed on a VP-ODS C18 column ( 250mm-4.6mm ID, atom size 5 _m ) ( Shimadzu, Japan ) . Data acquisition and procedure were accomplished with a Chromato-solution Light Workstation ( Shimadzu, Japan ) . The nomadic stage was H2O, methyl alcohol and acetonitrile ( 45:33:22, v/v/v ) at the flow rate of 0.6mLmin?1. Detection was set at 223 nanometer. Under these chromatographic conditions, baseline separation can be obtained for the mark compounds. 2.2. Instrumentality Analysis was carried out utilizing HP 5890 ( Hewlett Packard, Pennsylvania, USA ) gas chromatograph equipped with a split/split-less injector and an negatron gaining control sensor ( ECD, 63Ni ) . Compounds were separated on a amalgamate silicon oxide HP-5MS capillary column ( 30m x 0.25mm IDs, 0.25 Â µm movie thickness ) ( Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA ) . Nitrogen was used as bearer gas and make-up gas at flow rates of 1.0 and 55 mL/min, severally. Gas chromatograph was operated in splitless manner with the injector temperature of 250 oC. The oven temperature was maintained at 100 oC for 2 min, and so programmed at 25 oC /min to 250 oC held for 4 min, and eventually 15 oC /min to 280 oC which was held for 4 min. The detached species were measured by negatron gaining control sensor held at 320 oC. A Peak-ABC Chromatography Data Handling System ( Kingtech Scientific, Taiwan ) was used to obtain chromatograms and to execute informations computations. 2.3. Microwave assisted controlled-temperature HS-LPME apparatus In this work, a modified domestic microwave oven ( NE-V27 inverter system, 2450 MHz, Panasonic system ) was used as the microwave energy beginning with a maximal power of 1400 W, which had a hole ( 2 centimeter diameter ) in the centre of the top surface of the microwave oven. A specially designed glass capacitor ( 25 centimeter length and fitted with an interior glass tubing of 1 centimeters diameter ) was placed steadfastly on the hole for the HS-LPME sampling and a go arounding water-hood system embracing a home-made magnetron driven stirrer device ( stirring velocity 500 revolutions per minute ) was placed inside the microwave oven. The glass capacitor and the go arounding water-hood system were connected to an external refrigerated electric bath ice chest machine ( Yih Der BL-720, Taiwan ) in order to command the temperature of headspace LPME trying zone chamber and to cut down the effectual power of microwave irradiation. The apparatus of the unmoved MA-CT-HS-LPME sampling syst em is shown in Figure 1. After the alteration, the effectual powers of microwave irradiation of 126, 170, 210, 249 and 279 W were used in this survey. To avoid escape of microwave irradiation, aluminium foils were wrapped on the inner and outer-walls of the microwave oven at the interface between the microwave organic structure and the headspace trying setup. A microwave leak sensor ( MD-2000, Less EMF, NY, USA ) was used to look into safety facets of the equipment during the experiments. Prior to the experiment, all the glasswork were exhaustively washed with soap solution, de-ionized H2O, propanone, and once more de-ionized H2O and so dried in the oven at 80 oC for 4 hour. A brace of flasks and capacitors was used alternately, because the interior surfaces of flasks and capacitors had to be exhaustively cleaned by propanone and de-ionized H2O between tallies to forestall carryover job from the glasswork apparatus. 2.4. MA-CT-HS-LPME Procedure The polypropene hollow fibre was cut into sections of 1.5-cm length and was washed ultrasonically with propanone for 1 hour. It was so dried and later kept in an organic dissolver ( 1-octanol ) for the impregnation of pores of the hollow fibre. After impregnation, the fibre was removed from 1-octanol and the syringe was aspirated so that the air in the syringe could blush the hollow fibre to take extra organic dissolver from inside the fibre. To construct an LPME investigation, approximately 4.0 milliliters of 1-octanol was taken in a conventional 10 milliliter microsyringe ( SGE Australia, Ringwood, Australia ) , and injected into the hollow fibre section mounted on the needle tip of the microsyringe. After an extraction, the extracted dissolver in hollow fibre was retracted to the barrel of the microsyringe, pushed and retracted for five rhythms. One microliter of the extracted dissolver was taken for GC-ECD analysis. The used hollow fibre was discarded and a new hollow fibre was u sed for each extraction. 10 milliliter of the sample solution was added into a 20-mL cylindrical shaped glass flask and fitted with glass capacitor for the external chilling of the trying zone, along with an LPME device in the headspace as shown in Figure 1. 3. Consequences and treatment There are assorted parametric quantities impacting the unmoved MA-CT-HS-LPME public presentation and efficiency for the finding of DDT and its chief metabolites by GC-ECD, including choice of LPME dissolver, trying place of LPME in the controlled-temperature headspace zone, microwave irradiation power and clip, sample pH and salting-out consequence. These parametric quantities were consistently investigated and the optimum conditions were so established.

The persuaders review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The persuaders - Movie Review Example Conflict Theory asserts that people with economic power control the formation of culture through media and other basic social institutions (Andersen and Taylor 73). Symbolic Interaction Theory believes in the power of human agency in shaping culture and media products (Andersen and Taylor 73). The media is actively shaping culture through its code of norms and morals that have become increasingly insistent in consuming the visual and auditory landscapes, although consumers continue to struggle in controlling their cultural development through selective media consumption. The media uses its economic resources to send messages about cultural norms and behaviors that benefit the economic elites, according to Conflict Theory. This theory asserts that culture rests on and supports social inequalities (Toland, and Barbara Mueller 92). The Persuaders show that the media does not definitely always or openly show the support for these inequalities, and yet these media messages contain values that divide people from one another. A good example is the relationship between mainstream media and the sexualization of women. Globalization is a phenomenon that has made it imperative for the media to find themes that transect cultural differences (Albarran 299). The media then bombards people with messages of sex and violence, which are universal themes. In the essay â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt,† Kilbourne contends that countless advertisements perceive women as sexual objects and this message results to sexual harassment and violence against women. She explains the dangers of sexualizing women. She stresses that media promotes a culture that sexualizes women and children, thereby diminishing their value to society. Kilbourne offers numerous examples of print ads that show women either naked or in sexually provocative positions (Kilbourne 473). The main purpose of these ads is to entice people into consuming these media images, as if they are the norm. Some people then act according to these norms; thereby supporting the idea that media creates destructive cultures that support existing power structures. Naomi Klein, author of the book No Logo, warns audiences of becoming too intimately involved with brands that they forget its impact on their value systems (The Persuaders 3). Conflict Theory opposes global media messages that homogenize cultures and create cult-like obsession of brands. In the end, these messages only serve big multinational companies. Media’s power seeks to further influence identity and culture. The media wants to control more visual and auditory space to shape how people see themselves and the world they live in. Modern consumers are a paradox. On the one hand, they want to exert control over advertisements and prefer to screen out ads that annoy them. On the other hand, scores of consumers have become vulnerable to the emotional appeals of the brands that they love. Columnist for Advertising Age, Bob Garfield, ta lks about being bombarded with advertising messages in every nook and cranny of the American metropolis. Correspondent Douglass Rushkoff examines the evolving nature of marketers in what he calls â€Å"The Persuasion Industry† (The Persuaders 1). He notes the difficulty in finding advertising space in a congested landscape. Rushkoff stresses that because THE media needs to reach more and to affect people more, it increases the number of ads, which results to a vicious image of